SPEED DEVICES

The speed devices in the aviation uncorrected own speed, according to the uncorrected speed of the aircraft relative to the surrounding air mass ( IAS). The measurement is done by the IAS Staurohrs , Pitot tube. This provides the total pressure, resulting from the pressure of the current height (static pressure) and the dynamic pressure up. The display in the cockpit on the airspeed indicator, the difference between the total pressure and static pressure (the back pressure) on a scale speed. These uncorrected speed compared to the surrounding air is important for pilots, because it alone allows a direct inference on the current flight or the flight stability of an aircraft. In the early days of aviation has been slow aircraft tried to get the vane to measure the IAS (see anemometer). When an engine airplane is the own speed in the range of about 50 kt (90 km / h) at small propeller aircraft up to 350 kt (650km / h) for commercial aircraft. Limited, the IAS by the aircraft structure, regulations (for example, below 10,000 ft altitude only 250 kilotonnes) and no later than at cruise altitude by the Mach number - except of course überschallschnelle aircraft. Another limiting factor is the high state of buoyancy aids. Depending on how far the flaps are extended, threatening an aircraft below a certain IAS abzustürzen (currents demolition). When fully extended flaps but they can at a high IAS damaged. The self-speed of a glider can be between about 50 and 400 km / h (with some modern models only a short flight in the fall), that a balloon, however, is zero. It is only transported by the wind. Therefore, often in films shown at hair blowing balloon drivers nonsense

Actual speed over ground

The ground speed, GS around the wind corrected True air speed. It is the speed of an aircraft relative to the Earth's surface dar. Knowing the ground speed is important because it counterclaim or tailwind to a significant difference between the speed indicator in the cockpit and the actual speed may occur. To shorten the flight in a jet-stream due to the significantly higher ground speed the flying time considerably. Under special circumstances, a low ground speed combined with an excessive display in the cockpit to accidents like the crash of the Stardust on the Andes, or the Birgenair accident. You can speed over the ground by considering the Längskomponente of the wind through wind triangle on the basis of reports of aviation weather stations calculate today but also by modern on-board systems to measure (for example, inertial navigation system, Doppler) or navigation procedures such as GPS.

True airspeed

The true flight speed (Engl. true air speed, TAS), also adjusted equity speed, the actual speed of an aircraft relative to the surrounding medium. To calculate the true air speed is in the modern aviation in addition to flight speed equivalent density in the altitude. The true airspeed decreases in air density absinkender to the Berichtigten flight speed. For pilots of small aircraft first approximation appears in the following rule of thumb sufficiently precise

For example, at an altitude of 5000 ft at an IAS of 100 kt with 5 * 2%, ergo 10% higher speed, TAS to 110 kt. In high altitude, the 'TAS' preferably in Mach, relative to the speed of sound,. If exceeded Mach 1, is the supersonic aircraft in flight.

Equivalents flight speed

The flight speed equivalents corrected the display of the revised flight speed, taking into account the compressibility of air in the altitude.

Corrected flight speed

With the right equipment, the aircraft to the instrument error corrected flight speed (Engl. calibrated air speed, CAS) can be measured. This measurement takes into account instruments and installation error (Engl. static source error). The CAS is an important factor in the aerodynamics, as it is a measure of the aircraft forces.

Ailerons

The ailerons are located at the back edges of the wings. The pilot moving the control stick to the left (or expresses the linkte arrow button), the left aileron up and out, the right to the bottom. This is on the left wing reduced buoyancy, while the right lift higher. The plane rolls, according to the left (it can also hang the left wing, while the right shows in the amount). In flight, the plane started in this position, a left turn to fly. However, it creates the Rude beat out a so-called negative turning moment, because the wing, the downward's proposal, reduced air resistance generated than the other. For this reason, the plane turns in the opposite direction. To create a stable and widerstandsarmen curve to achieve flight, it must be negative by simultaneous rash moment of the page Ruders in the same direction as the ailerons are lifted. Conclusion: A beautiful, if possible widerstandsarme curve can only be achieved through the interaction of cross-and rudder can be achieved. (Often, the engine pulls the plane but so quickly in the right direction, so that the rudder, that unfortunately is difficult to operate in the first flight may be waived.) With the command line option - enable-auto-coordination is the rudder with the aileron connect what the control significantly easier. This allows the positive effects in both rowing very easily exploited.

rudder

The rudder is located on the tail of the airplane, but in general upward and allows turning the plane around the vertical axis, a movement of the nose to the left or right (driving on the ground). The rudder is controlled by pedals, keyboard with the keys 0 and Enter number block. The rudder is rarely used alone, since the air turns a roll of the airplane (a tilt of a wing) the stable and cheaper energy alternative. Only in extreme ground, e.g. Ausschweben in just before placing in the landing, when a roll is not possible, because a wing on the ground up what could be the direction control with the help of the page Ruders. If at higher speeds the rudder ausgelenkt, rotates the aircraft fuselage, flight direction will only be minimal. As a result, the plane ride the wind opposition his side, leading to large air resistance. A curve this first flight is not achieved. However, one of the side Ausschlagen Ruders, that the "kurvenäußere" wings moved a little faster and thus gets more lift, while the "kurveninnere" in the wind shadow of the fuselage, and less lift. As a result, there is a roll of the airplane in the direction of the controlled side Ruders, one speaks of a positive sliding roll-torque (= rudder-secondary).