The First World War

The first fighter planes and bombers Otto Lilienthal showed itself in a tragic way as visionary as he 1894 in a letter to him from the estimated social ethicist Moritz von Egidy wrote: "The mutual isolation of countries, customs and forced traffic obstruction is only possible because we are not free as the Vogel also dominate the air empire ... . The borders of countries would lose their importance because they can no longer shut off, ...". About 20 years later, in the First World War, it became clear that aircraft can be used as weapons. First planes were used for observation. Encounters enemy observation planes brought the military to leave the airplane as a weapon to improve the fundamentals of the air war have been developed. Initially, the observer equipped with a machine gun. Later rifles were boarding the aircraft with actuator using an interrupter gear synchronized, so that the weapon by its own propeller circle on the enemy could shoot. So were useful fighter planes invented. The planes were from grenades, and later Flechettes special explosives and fire bombs, first on the enemy lines and later on enemy factories and cities dropped. Here already developed two warring parties under a doctrine, which until now caused much suffering (for example a quote of the War of the Allies at Versailles in Autumn 1918): "The best way is to bombard industrial centers, where you can: a) military and vital damage caused by the destruction of care centers for war and achieved b) the maximum effect on morale by destroying the most sensitive part of the population, namely the working class achieved. " During the First World War, an aircraft industry from the ground gestampft, the first airfields, which Funks technology of flight has been developed, aircraft engines were always powerful. Many of the aerial flight figures were applied later default figures of aerobatics as Immelmann or looping. Tethered observation platforms In Austria-Hungary developed by Stephan Petročzy, Theodore von Kármán and Wilhelm Zurovec shackled the observation platforms PKZ-1 and PKZ-2, these machines were guided by three ropes helicopter. The PKZ-2 flights attempt at reaching a flight altitude of 50 meters, but was never used manned. Hugo Junkers 1915 tried the first all-metal aircraft in the world, the Junkers J 1st 1919 Hugo Junkers built the first all-metal airliner in the world, the Junkers F 13, whose design principles for guiding aircraft following generations were. Invention of the parachute The German Käthe Paul developed the pack bag for the parachute. On 1 March 1912 jumped by the Americans Albert Berry is the first time from an airplane with a parachute from. The attempt succeeded. Thus stood for a reliable aircraft crews rescue device available. Otto Heinecke invented the parachute with forced release, a parachute, supported by a Aufziehleine been triggered. During the First World War was the skydiving as a rescue device for German aircraft crews widespread. The Allies supplied their aircraft crews, however, was not the case with umbrellas, to prevent corrupted planes were abandoned prematurely. The first aircraft carrier By 1916 HMS Campania was the first aircraft carrier, the first aircraft that were the Fairey Campania and the Sopwith Pup. The Short succeeded in 1915 as 184 torpedo bombers, the first sinking of a ship